

10 GUI Design Elements Build Every User Interface
Almost every screen you design is assembled from 10 basic interaction elements: buttons, forms, menus, links, dialog boxes, alerts, icons, checkboxes and radio buttons, tabs, and search. Each is decades old but still misused daily. This article defines the GUI design alphabet, traces its history, and distills 86 evidence-based design guidelines, plus bonus coverage of windows and the pointer.

Jakob Nielsen
Jul 2928 min read


UX Roundup: New AI Models | How Designers Use AI Design | User Agency | Breadcrumbs | Doug Engelbart | Decoy Effect | Active Users | AI Training vs. Copyright
Comparing GPT 5.6 Sol, Opus 5, Kimi K3 | How designers use a UI design agent | AI enhances users’ agency, and they like it | Breadcrumb navigation | UX Hero Doug Engelbart | The decoy effect in pricing plan comparison pages | The paradox of the Active User | Delhi High Court rules that AI training on copyrighted content is legal in India

Jakob Nielsen
Jul 2723 min read


UX Roundup: Carousels | AI-Native Games | Bulk Actions | AI Film Wins at Cannes | AI Use 2× in One Year
Carousels are scanned in an L-pattern, not the F-pattern | Making AI-Native games playable | Bulk actions support flexibility and efficiency of use | AI film wins a bronze lion at the Cannes Festival | Use of AI applications doubled in one year

Jakob Nielsen
Jul 2421 min read


The Peak–End Rule: Users Remember 2 Moments and Forget the Rest
People judge a past experience by its most intense moment and its final moment, largely ignoring duration and the average of everything else. Fix your journey’s worst moment, build 1 genuine high point, and never let an error be the last thing users see: memories, not experiences, drive repeat business and word of mouth.

Jakob Nielsen
Jul 234 min read


AI Turns Competence into a Commodity: Evidence from 2.26 Million Freelance Contracts
AI narrows skill gaps by helping weak performers the most. Employers are reacting: hiring in AI-exposed job categories now weights human capital 7.8% less and price 1.1% more than before ChatGPT and the demand premium for highly skilled workers is shrinking. Competence has become commodity, so sell judgment. Agentic AI will reverse the equalization and widen skill gaps again.

Jakob Nielsen
Jul 2229 min read


UX Roundup: Local-Language AI Use | AI & Jobs | Great AI Films | Hypertext Hero Ted Nelson | User Errors | AI Helps Rainforests | Annotation UI | Token Spend
AI use becoming more localized, according to Gemini data from Southeast Asia | Heavy AI use in a company increases hiring, not layoffs | Winners of the AI Film Festival awards | The inventor of hypertext, Ted Nelson | Helping users recover from errors | AI drones help replant the rainforests | Annotations seem a simple feature, but are often designed wrong | Token use is going through the roof with agentic AI

Jakob Nielsen
Jul 2021 min read


UX Roundup: Usability of AI “Skills” | UXR Job Listings | AI Comics Help Learning | Quick View | The AI Economy | Social Learning | Automated Ads
How AI “skills” are reused and other usability issues with skills | User research job listings for junior staff dry up, and senior staff need AI experience to be hired | Data comics generated with AI increase student learning | Quick view as a shortcut for seeing product info | The AI economy has $175 billion in revenue | AI use spreads from peers | Automatically creating advertisements based on a website

Jakob Nielsen
Jul 1726 min read


Predicting the AI Interface 30 Years Ago: I Was 71% Right
In 1993 and 1996, I predicted that user interfaces would abandon commands: computers would infer and execute user intent instead of obeying point-and-click orders. Modern AI delivered that paradigm, 30 years later. Scoring the papers’ 23 specific predictions against 2026 reality produces a decent grade: 71% correct. The biggest hit: language as the primary interface. The biggest miss: I predicted expert users, and AI instead became the great equalizer.

Jakob Nielsen
Jul 1519 min read


UX Roundup: AI Agents Change Workflows | User Expertise and Agentic AI | Controlling AI Complexity | Constraints | Meta Muse Image | Seedream 5 Pro | Image-Model Shootout | GPT 5.6 Sol
AI agents expand user tasks | Agentic AI makes expertise more valuable, not less | Users need control over the complexity of AI results | Constraints help users | Meta launched a new image model, Muse Image | ByteDance upgrades its image model to Seedream 5 Pro | Comparing the leading image models | GPT receives a major upgrade to v. 5.6 Sol

Jakob Nielsen
Jul 1330 min read


Progressive Disclosure: From Training Wheels to Week-Long AI Agents
Progressive disclosure puts the few features that serve most tasks on the first screen and defers the rest to a clearly labeled second level. The pattern has 4 decades of evidence behind it: novices learn faster and err less, while experts pay 1 click. It’s about to matter more than ever, because AI answers and long-running agents need layered revealing even more than settings screens do.

Jakob Nielsen
Jul 913 min read


UX Roundup: UX Benchmark | Impact of AI Mentions | Character Design Workflow | AI Maturity | UX Hero: Stu Card | Microsoft FDE
UX benchmark for AI | Being mentioned in AI answers drives subsequent user behavior | Cheaper character design workflow for new video | AI maturity model | My hero: Dr. Stuart K. Card of Xerox PARC | Microsoft FDE

Jakob Nielsen
Jul 622 min read


2026 AI and UX Predictions: A Mid-Year Reality Check
Halfway through 2026, AI is evolving faster than expected, but usability is struggling to keep pace. I graded my 18 predictions on autonomous agents, compute shortages, and interface design to separate the hype from reality.

Jakob Nielsen
Jul 230 min read


UX Roundup: Controlling Superintelligence | Dark Design 2 | Normal Folks and AI | UX Hero: Jack Carroll | Shower Temperature | How Designers Use AI | Agentic AI Grows | Are You In AI?
Can humans remain in control with superintelligent AI (ASI)? | Dark design music video redone | What are normal people saying about AI? | My hero: Dr. John M. Carroll of IBM Research | Finally, a hotel room shower makes it easy to adjust temperature | How designers use AI vs. what they say about AI | Explosive growth in use of agentic AI among non-developers | Check whether major AI models know you

Jakob Nielsen
Jun 2923 min read


How Big Is AI? Four Analogies
AI is too large to understand through a single analogy. The Internet explains early adoption, human history explains the next 30 years, biology frames longer-term speculation, and Norse mythology reminds us that tools are not gods.

Jakob Nielsen
Jun 2518 min read


UX Roundup: Dark Design | Ecommerce Search | Search Engine Traffic Drops | AI vs Mythical Man-Month | AI vs Humans for UI Design | Lady Ada | Europe 2031 | AI Companions | DataViz Job
Dark design patterns | 8 usage patterns for ecommerce search | Search engine traffic drops rapidly | AI overcomes “The Mythical Man-Month” | AI does well in UI design vs. human designers | The story of Ada, Countess of Lovelace | Scenario for European AI until 2031 | Virtual girlfriends/boyfriends rack up double the use of dating apps | Job openings for data visualization design

Jakob Nielsen
Jun 2214 min read
