

Inactive GUI Controls: Show, Disable, or Hide?
Summary:  Three design patterns exist for inactive UI commands: showing them as normal commands with an error message if clicked, a visibly disabled state, or completely hiding unavailable options. Best practice is to display disabled features in muted colors, accompanied by explanations of why they are currently unavailable.  Short music video about this article  (YouTube, 4 min.) Behold the epic saga of the disabled button: Sometimes, a command or feature is inactive , me

Jakob Nielsen
Nov 1318 min read


UX Roundup: Latent Affordances | Automating Competence | Entry-Level UXR Job | Direct Manipulation | One-Shot AI Slideshow | Veo 3.1 | $100M Avatars
Summary : Latent affordances | Automating best-practice dissemination by having AI learn from top staff | Entry-level user researcher job opening at LEGO | Direct manipulation: the opera | One-shotting a narrated slideshow with Google’s NotebookLM | New video model Veo 3.1 | Avatar company HeyGen scores $100M annual run rate UX Roundup for October 20, 2025: Many of this week’s news items relate to the process of going from idea to video with AI. (GPT Image-1) Latent Affordanc

Jakob Nielsen
Oct 2012 min read


UX Roundup: Forward Deployed Engineers | AI GUI Controls | Apple Liquid Glass UI | User Testing Explained
Summary : Forward Deployed Engineers are the new user researchers | Reve has GUI controls for AI image editing | Apple Liquid Glass UI...

Jakob Nielsen
Sep 2212 min read


UX Roundup: UX in the Street | AI Video | Infinite Scroll | Simplicity vs. Features | Logo as Coin | AI Blooper | Midjourney Animation
Street interview video about the consistency heuristic | AI auto-generates full videos | Infinite scrolling is a usability quagmire to avoid | Simplicity vs. features

Jakob Nielsen
Jun 2312 min read


UX Roundup: Hamburger Menus | AI Agents | App Overload | Web Images | Modal Overuse
Reserve hamburger menus for small-screen designs | AI agents must remain under user control | One app per thing in your life = app overload | Images stand out on web pages | Overusing modal dialog boxes

Jakob Nielsen
Jun 96 min read


No More User Interface?
AI products have changed from invisible enhancement of classical user interfaces to soon become the main avenue for users to engage with digital features and content. This may mean the end of UI design in the traditional sense, refocusing designers’ work on orchestrating the experience at a deeper level.

Jakob Nielsen
May 87 min read


Maximum Minimalism: The Ultimate Evolution of Intuitive Design
Maximum Minimalism removes text and images, leaving only buttons for interaction. This streamlined approach leverages spatial memory.

Jakob Nielsen
Mar 316 min read


UX Roundup: OpenAI Product Roadmap | Parallel and Iterative AI Use | Virtual Boyfriends | Jakob in SF | Dropdown Menus | Early GUI | AI Urgency | Perplexity Deep Research
Parallel and iterative use of AI improves quality outcomes | Dropdowns must die | Early GUI prototypes | UX needs more urgency about AI

Jakob Nielsen
Feb 1713 min read


10 Foundational Insights for UX
Summary : UX has come a long way since its early beginnings at Bell Labs in the 1940s. As we enter Year 2 of the AI revolution, it’s...

Jakob Nielsen
Aug 15, 202420 min read


End of Monoculture UI
Escape from the smartphone being the end all of user interface design. Bigger screens with richer data display hold much potential for UX.

Jakob Nielsen
Jun 6, 20242 min read


UX Roundup: First Mouse | Dark AI | AI Spend Grows | Most Drivers Think They’re Above Average | 4 Clicks = 4 AI Models
First computer mouse in museum | Beware dark AI design | 293% y/y growth in companies’ AI spend | Most drivers think they’re above average

Jakob Nielsen
Jun 3, 202417 min read


UX Roundup: Synchronizing Captions | SUS Survey | First Mac GUI | Student/Beginner Portfolios | Solve the Easy Problem | More UX Songs
Auto-sync makes YouTube captions easier to create | SUS questionnaire user satisfaction is too long | Revolutionary first Mac GUI

Jakob Nielsen
Apr 15, 20247 min read


UX Roundup: Have AI Check You | Toast Notifications | GUI Course | Boring UX | Human Designer vs. AI Design
Turning the tables: Use AI to check your work | Toast notifications are a burnt GUI widget | Do people prefer human or AI design?

Jakob Nielsen
Mar 25, 20248 min read


UX Roundup: AI Saves Fuel | Checkboxes Must be Square | Good Books | AI Jobs Grow | Perplexity Grows
Saving fuel by AI-optimized airline routing | Apple violates 40 years of GUI standards | Recommended reading about storytelling and non-UX

Jakob Nielsen
Mar 15, 20248 min read


Accessibility Has Failed: Try Generative UI = Individualized UX
Traditional accessibility methods have been tried for 30 years without improving usability for disabled users. Generative UI may be better.

Jakob Nielsen
Feb 29, 20247 min read


3 Wishes for AI UX
AI requires three transformative shifts: tight UX in AI development, a hybrid interface of GUI plus prompts, and Super-AI integration.

Jakob Nielsen
Sep 27, 20239 min read


Navigating the Web with Text vs. GUI Browsers: AI UX Is 1992 All Over Again
Only after GUI browsers launched in 1993 did the web explode. AI needs a similar GUI revolution in usability.

Jakob Nielsen
Sep 22, 20234 min read


UX News: Discount Envy | AI for All | GUI Toggle Design | Tradeshow User Research | Lightweight UI
Coupon-code fields make ecommerce shoppers green with discount envy | Guidelines for toggle switch design | User research at tradeshows

Jakob Nielsen
Sep 11, 20238 min read


Classic Usability Important for AI
AI products are fraught with basic usability errors, violating decades-old UX findings. Simple fixes will save AI users much pain.

Jakob Nielsen
Sep 1, 20238 min read


Direct Manipulation: A Fundamental Element of Graphical User Interfaces
With direct manipulation users control visual objects through physical gestures, incremental reversible actions & real-time feedback.

Jakob Nielsen
Jul 27, 20235 min read
