

UX Roundup: CAPTCHA | Undo | Robotaxi Safety | Better Usability for Educational AI | Scrolljacking | Floating Action Button | Long Forms | Secondary vs. Primary Features | Picture Superiority
Too easy to fail CAPTCHA verification | Rethinking undo for the AI age | Waymo gets 25% safer every year, a crawl for AI but a sprint for cars | Students disliked the AI tutoring style that’s likely best for learning | Scrolling belongs to the user | A floating action button should promote one hero action | Excess form fields are a usability curse

Jakob Nielsen
2 days ago24 min read


UX Roundup: Erik the Red | AI Thematic Analysis | Nano Banana 2.1 | Scrolling | Fast Asymptote in AI Skills | Average Users | Wishlists | Usability Testing Without Findings | Naming Consistency
How Erik the Red discovered Greenland | AI now codes user comments as well as UX researchers do | Google’s Nano Banana 2.1 is only a marginal upgrade | Scrolling imposes a memory load if related items are far apart | Users quickly settle on a narrow set of AI prompts | The average user doesn’t exist

Jakob Nielsen
5 days ago22 min read


UX Roundup: Vigilance Fatigue | Adaptive Authoring | UI Clutter | Scenarios vs. Surveys for User Preferences | Measure Outcomes | Spotlight Features | Allow Paste | Ambient AI | Proactive Writing AI
Asking users to watch AI carefully is doomed to failure | Adaptive authoring of content that changes depending on the reader | A cluttered experience kills user focus | To predict patients’ treatment preferences, discussing medical dilemmas beat both survey responses and the patients’ own spouses | Measure outcomes, not vanity metrics | Spotlight the main features and keep specialized options backstage | Allow users to paste passwords | Ambient AI works in the background

Jakob Nielsen
Oct 218 min read


UX Roundup: Bogus Deskilling Research | Jargon Alienates | AI Exposure Improves AI Attitudes | Interruptions | Prioritizing > Everything | Paper Prototyping | Unsupportive Support | Resizable Panes
Most deskilling research studies the wrong condition | Speak the user’s language | Using AI increases people’s preference for AI | Interruptions cause stress | Experienced UXers give the most important findings the most attention | Keep paper prototyping for team building | Support scripts often leave users stranded | Allow users to resize screen areas

Jakob Nielsen
Sep 2814 min read


UX Roundup: AI Agents Help Blind Users | Style Exploration | Recognition: Show Options | Synthetic Users Help Designers Reflect | Local Optimization | Fail Early | Before–After Sliders | Error Message
Current AI agents help blind users at least as well as screen readers in separate studies and may already do better | Decompose styles into elements you can choose and combine | Show users their options to spare them the burden of recall | AI-simulated users can help designers think through how people will use a design | Optimizing individual elements can undermine the whole user experience | Fail while design changes are still cheap | Before–after sliders

Jakob Nielsen
Sep 2521 min read


Default Dominance: Most Users Never Change the Setting You Ship
Defaults decide what most users experience and teach them what to consider normal, so leaving a setting unchanged tells you little about its quality. Choose defaults that minimize harm and preserve future choices; with AI, make consequential assumptions visible and define the agent’s authority before delegating.

Jakob Nielsen
Sep 2322 min read


UX Roundup: Employers Value Experience Over Skills | Exponential Growth in AI Use | AI Dependence | Undo | Disappointing Suno | AI’s Economic Scenarios | Reflective Design | Mini Maps | GPT Image 2.5
Since January 2025, tech job postings have asked for 25% fewer skills but 5% more experience | AI spending among OpenAI’s heaviest research users is growing at 129% per month | 26% of young-adult chatbot users say they feel dependent on AI, but the addiction scales disagree | Undo = the user’s escape hatch | Suno 6 sounds worse than Suno 5 | Anthropic’s 3 scenarios for how AI will transform the economy forget the robots | Sometimes you should make users stop and think | Mini

Jakob Nielsen
Sep 1132 min read


UX Roundup: Make It Easy | AI Traffic = Best Customers | AI Visibility | Hidden Team Disagreement | AI Attitude Questions | Sunk Costs | Tools Palette
Users referred from AI answers convert 60% better than other traffic | The visibility of sources in AI responses can shift 46x overnight without users noticing | Use AI to uncover the hidden disagreements behind a team’s apparent consensus | A 17-item questionnaire is the best-validated way to survey attitudes toward AI | The sunk cost fallacy | The tools palette

Jakob Nielsen
Sep 418 min read


UX Roundup: UX Slogans | Improve Google Search Results | Outdated Academic Research | Staff vs. Executive AI Use | Free AI | Bosses Decide AI Culture | Technology Acceptance Model | AI Acceptance
Top 10 UX slogans explained by Greek gods | Improve your Google search results by boosting the sites you like | Academic research on AI user experience uses outdated models | Worker bees send 13 more AI messages per week than their executives | Free AI accounts dominate even in the enterprise | AI splits company culture down the middle, and managers are the tiebreaker | The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology

Jakob Nielsen
Aug 2824 min read


Fitts’s Law: Big and Near Beats Small and Far
Pointing time depends on two numbers: target distance and target size. Paul Fitts quantified this in 1954, explaining every mouse move and thumb tap since then. Make frequent targets big and near, make destructive ones small and far, and don’t supersize everything else. The law holds up in VR and AR, at degraded throughput. And AI doesn’t repeal it; it merely shrinks pointing’s kingdom as conversation replaces cascades of clicks.

Jakob Nielsen
Aug 2718 min read


Cards: How a 3×5 Rectangle Conquered Screen Design
A card packs everything about one item (image, title, key facts, action) inside a clearly bounded rectangle that the user’s visual system sees as a single object, which is why cards excel at presenting browsable collections of self-contained things. But boxing everything produces flabby layouts with pitiful information density, and now that AI makes cards that no designer ever inspects, the old guidelines need a new enforcement mechanism.

Jakob Nielsen
Aug 2020 min read


UX Roundup: AI Spending Up | Adversarial AI Helps Designers | Design Hypotheses | Generative Accessibility | Skeleton Screens | Pain of Paying
AI spending growing 75% per year at the median firm | An AI agent that argued back against design ideas helped designers improve | A design is a hypothesis: try to defeat it | AI can generate superior accessibility when it prioritizes communication density over narrative completeness | Skeleton screens buy patience, not speed | Checkout design dials the pain of paying up or down

Jakob Nielsen
Aug 1721 min read


UX Roundup: Design Guidelines Changing for AI | AI Anxiety | Toggle Switches | Erdős Problems | Glanceable Monitoring
Design guidelines held steady for 30 years but are shifting with AI | Users who are anxious about AI use it more, not less | A toggle is a light switch, not a form field | What are the Erdős problems and why are they relevant for AI? | An ambient monitoring interface with glanceable feedback on agent progress cut errors in hal

Jakob Nielsen
Aug 319 min read


10 GUI Design Elements Build Every User Interface
Almost every screen you design is assembled from 10 basic interaction elements: buttons, forms, menus, links, dialog boxes, alerts, icons, checkboxes and radio buttons, tabs, and search. Each is decades old but still misused daily. This article defines the GUI design alphabet, traces its history, and distills 86 evidence-based design guidelines, plus bonus coverage of windows and the pointer.

Jakob Nielsen
Jul 2928 min read


UX Roundup: New AI Models | How Designers Use AI Design | User Agency | Breadcrumbs | Doug Engelbart | Decoy Effect | Active Users | AI Training vs. Copyright
Comparing GPT 5.6 Sol, Opus 5, Kimi K3 | How designers use a UI design agent | AI enhances users’ agency, and they like it | Breadcrumb navigation | UX Hero Doug Engelbart | The decoy effect in pricing plan comparison pages | The paradox of the Active User | Delhi High Court rules that AI training on copyrighted content is legal in India

Jakob Nielsen
Jul 2723 min read


UX Roundup: Carousels | AI-Native Games | Bulk Actions | AI Film Wins at Cannes | AI Use 2× in One Year
Carousels are scanned in an L-pattern, not the F-pattern | Making AI-Native games playable | Bulk actions support flexibility and efficiency of use | AI film wins a bronze lion at the Cannes Festival | Use of AI applications doubled in one year

Jakob Nielsen
Jul 2421 min read


History of the Graphical User Interface: The Rise (and Fall?) of WIMP Design
Summary: The GUI’s success wasn’t about any single invention, but a synergy of 4 elements: Window, Icon, Menu, and Pointer, through a 60-year history of usability improvements. But the era of WIMP is drawing to an end with a radical shift toward Generative UI and World Models, in which static menus are replaced by fluid, intent-driven AI interactions. (I made all the comics in this article with Nano Banana Pro.) The evolution of the Graphical User Interface (GUI) represents

Jakob Nielsen
Feb 2339 min read


UX Roundup: AI Empathy | Transparency About Compute Limits | UI Modes | Seedream 4.5 | AI In/Out of Silicon Valley | Kling Speaks
Summary : AI exhibits better empathy than human clinicians | Compute limits should be made transparent in the user experience | User interface modes usually lower usability | Seedream 4.5 image model now with improved text rendering | How feasible is it to build an AI company outside Silicon Valley | The Kling video model now generates speaking characters UX Roundup for December 8, 2025. (Nano Banana Pro) Creation by Discovery New music video about how creators explore the la

Jakob Nielsen
Dec 8, 202515 min read


Inactive GUI Controls: Show, Disable, or Hide?
Summary: Three design patterns exist for inactive UI commands: showing them as normal commands with an error message if clicked, a visibly disabled state, or completely hiding unavailable options. Best practice is to display disabled features in muted colors, accompanied by explanations of why they are currently unavailable. Short music video about this article (YouTube, 4 min.) Behold the epic saga of the disabled button: Sometimes, a command or feature is inactive , me

Jakob Nielsen
Nov 13, 202518 min read


UX Roundup: Latent Affordances | Automating Competence | Entry-Level UXR Job | Direct Manipulation | One-Shot AI Slideshow | Veo 3.1 | $100M Avatars
Summary : Latent affordances | Automating best-practice dissemination by having AI learn from top staff | Entry-level user researcher job opening at LEGO | Direct manipulation: the opera | One-shotting a narrated slideshow with Google’s NotebookLM | New video model Veo 3.1 | Avatar company HeyGen scores $100M annual run rate UX Roundup for October 20, 2025: Many of this week’s news items relate to the process of going from idea to video with AI. (GPT Image-1) Latent Affordanc

Jakob Nielsen
Oct 20, 202512 min read
